Prof. Constantin ANGHELACHE PhD (actincon@yahoo.com)
Bucharest University of Economic Studies / „Artifex” University of Bucharest
Prof. Radu Titus MARINESCU PhD (radu_titus_marinescu@yahoo.com)
„Artifex”University of Bucharest
Tudor SAMSON Ph.D Student (tudorsamson@gmail.com)
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Abstract
Realizarea statisticilor balantei de plati se bazeaza pe statisticile comertului exterior utilizate la realizarea balantei comerciale. Pentru a deveni utilizabile in elaborarea balantei comerciale, datele statistice sufera anumite transformari. Importurile inregistrate in preturi CIF in statistica comertului exterior vor fi transformate in preturi FOB impusa de metodologia de intocmire a balantei de plati. Aceasta transformare are un efect de adancire a discrepantei comertului intra comunitar. Importurile intra UE, exprimate in preturi CIF, care sunt inregistrate la un nivel subestimat, mai mic decat exporturile in preturi FOB, vor deveni si mai mici prin transformarea CIF-FOB. Balanta externa a UE28 nu este afectata de asimetriile generate de sistemul intra-stat, dar balanta externa a zonei euro este in mod sistematic supraestimata datorita faptului ca satistica comertului exterior dintre aceasta si celelalte tari din UE este realizata prin sistemul intra-stat. O masura importanta adoptata de Eurostat a fost, in primul rand, infiintarea unui comitet specializat, „Asymetries ad-hoc Committee” aflat sub coordonarea Comitetului de statistici financiare, monetare si ale balantei de plati al carui rol a fost elaborarea unor metodologii de estimare si realocare a acestor discrepante.
Tipul de masuri adoptate de acest comitet s-au inscris in doua moduri de abordare distincte: o abordare de la nivelul de detaliu la nivel global („bottom-up”) si o abordare de la global la particular („top-down”). Ambele abordari privesc atat corectii la nivelul balantei de plati cat si corectii la nivelul statisticii comertului exterior.
Cuvinte cheie: discrepanțe, statistica comertului exterior, balanta comerciala, metodologie, Extrastat / Intrastat
Clasificarea JEL: F40, F53, O11
ASPECTS OF THE EUROSTAT METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING DISCREPANCIES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE STATISTICS
Abstract
The balance of payments statistics are based on foreign trade statistics used to achieve the trade balance. In order to become useful in drafting the trade balance, statistical data undergo certain transformations. Imports recorded in CIF prices in the foreign trade statistics will be converted into FOB prices imposed by the Balance of Payments methodology. This transformation has an effect of deepening the intra-Community trade gap. Imports entering the EU, expressed in CIF prices, which are recorded at an underestimated level, lower than FOB prices, will become even smaller by transforming CIF-FOB. The external balance of the EU28 is not affected by the intra-state system asymmetries, but the external balance of the euro area is systematically overestimated due to the fact that the foreign trade between it and the other EU countries is achieved through the intra-state system. An important measure adopted by Eurostat was, firstly, the establishment of a specialized committee, the „Ad-hoc Committee Asymetries” under the coordination of the Committee for Financial, Monetary and Balance of Payments Statistics, whose role was to develop methodologies for estimating and reallocation of these discrepancies.
The type of measures adopted by this committee have been set out in two distinct approaches: a bottom-up approach and a top-down approach, . Both approaches address both balancing adjustments and corrections to external trade statistics.
Keywords: discrepancies, foreign trade statistics, trade balance, methodology, Extrastat / Intrastat
JEL Classification: F40, F53, O11
